This thesis is concerned with the development of semi-implicit fractional step schemes, for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations; these schemes are part of the class of the pressure correction methods.The chosen spatial discretization is staggered: non conforming mixed finite elements (Crouzeix-Raviart or Rannacher-Turek) or the classic MAC scheme. An upwind finite volume discretization of the mass balanced guarantees the positivity of the density. The positivity of the internal energy is obtained by discretising the internal energy balance by an upwind finite volume scheme and by coupling the discrete internal energy balance with the pressure correction step.A special finite volume discretization on dual cells is performed for the convection term in the momentum balance equation, along with a renormalization of the pressure; this allows to guarantee the control in time of integral of the total energy over the domain.All these a priori estimates implies lead to the existence of a discrete solution by a topological degree argument.The application of this scheme the equations of Euler yields an additional difficulty.Indeed, obtaining correct shock speeds requires that the scheme be consistent with the total energy balance,, property which we obtain as follows.First of all, a local discrete kinetic energy balance is established; it contains source terms which are compensated by adding some source terms in the internal energy balance. The kinetic and internal energy equations are associated with the dual and primal meshes respectively, and thus cannot be added to obtain a balance total energy balance; its continuous counterpart is however recovered at the limit: if we suppose that a sequence of discrete solutions converges when the space and time steps tend to 0, we indeed show, in 1D at least, that the limit satisfies a weak form of the equation. These theoretical results are comforted by numerical tests.Similar results are obtained for the barotropic Navier--Stokes equations
