The Trarza aquifer covers about 40 000 km2 in the south-western Mauritania in a semi-arid environment, located between the Senegal River in the south, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the metamorphic chain of Mauritanides in the north and east. The Trarza aquifer is made of Quaternary and Continental Terminal sediments. The objective of this work is to combine geochemical (majors ions, 18O, 2H, 14C, 13 C) and hydrodynamical approaches for identifying the groundwater recharge in response to current and past environmental changes. The field survey carried out from 2010 to 2012 significantly supplemented the limited older measurements. The water table levels appeared quite stable over the last fifty years despite important local pumping. The groundwater flows occurs from south to north, i.e. from the Senegal River to a depression north of the Boutilimit where the piezometric level is more than 30 m below the sea level. Combining geochemical and hydrodynamical approaches revealed that the dynamics of the aquifer is influenced by many changes in both current and former environment (from Quaternary transgressions and palaeobeds of the Senegal River to the dams now regulating the river flow). The main source of the aquifer recharge is lateral infiltration from the Senegal River, and precipitation to a lesser extent. Mineralization of groundwater is largely influenced by the residues of Quaternary transgressions. The important effect of evaporation on surface waters before and during their infiltration is strongly marked geochemical signature. Preliminary calculations performed with several independent methods suggest that the annual recharge rate from precipitation is up to 5 %, i.e. from 5 to 10 mm.
