The SNIFS integral field spectrograph : Simulation and results analysis.

By observing the low redshit type Ia supernovae, the mission of the SNIFS instrument is to help us to have a better knowledge and understanding of those objects. The final aim is to determine if we can use them as a standard candle to constrain the cosmological parameters. The first part of this thesis will be dedicated to the development of a detailed numerical simulation of the SNIFS instrument. This simulation will reproduce the image of the instrument in the most realistic way possible which mean that all aberration will be considered, not only the one from the instrument but also the one from atmosphere. The results of this simulation will be used to prepare the calibration of the instrument. The second part will try to establish a method to analyse all the data taken by the SNIFS instrument. Base on morphometric tools, this method will show how to compare different supernovae time series and how to extract statistical information from them.