The NEMO3 experiment was researching the ββ0ν decay by using various sources of double beta decay isotopes (mainly ¹ººMo, ⁸²Se, ¹¹⁶Cd and ¹³⁰Te for about 10 kg in total). The detector was located in the “Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane”, in the halfway point of the Frejus tunnel. This experiment demonstrated that the "tracko-calo" technology is really competitive and, in addition, it gives new results for the ββ2ν and the ββ0ν decay research. Moreover it opened a new way for its successor SuperNEMO, which aim is to reach a mass of 100 kg of ⁸²Se (for a sensitivity of 10²⁶ years). The main goal of the thesis is to measure the ββ2ν and ββ0ν decay of the ¹ººMo to the excited state 0₁⁺ of the ¹ººRu thanks to the whole NEMO3 data, with new original methods of analysis and through the development of the collaboration analysis software. The results obtained for the ground states (gs) and excited states ββ2ν of the ¹ººMo are T1/2(ββ2ν,gs)=(7,05±0,01(stat)±0,54(syst)).10¹⁸ years and T1/2(ββ2ν, 0₁⁺)=(6,15±1,1(stat)±0,78)).10²º years. Those results are compatibles with the last published ones by the collaboration. For the ββ0ν(0₁⁺), this work gave a half-life time of T1/2 (ββ0ν, 0₁⁺)>2,6.10²³ years, improving significantly the last published results. Furthermore those methods also allowed to present a new and more exhaustive background noise model for this experiment. The second point of this work was to measure the systematics errors of the NEMO3 calorimeter, among others, due to the wavelength of the NEMO3 calibration systems. This work was done using a new test bench based on LED. This bench also allowed to contribute to the development of the SuperNEMO calorimeter, especially in the time characteristic and the energy linearity measurement of the PMT intended to the demonstrator of the experiments.
