Numerical modeling has become an important tool allowing the study of structures with complex geometries. Many numerical methods have been developed and improved to suit the problem to be solved. Among these methods, the TLM (Transmission Line Matrix) is very efficient in modeling microwave structures. In this work, we present the FD-TLM, a frequency-domain approach of TLM. The formulation used is derived directly from time-domain TLM by applying a Fourier transform. Different aspects of the method have been considered. First of all, we present the principal nodes used to mesh the TLM network. Then, our study focused on the dispersion analysis of the FD-TLM. After that, a large part of this work is devoted to study absorbing boundary conditions, particularly the perfectly matched layers (PML) and the one-way wave equations which have shown excellent performances. Finally, an optimization study has been introduced using the segmentation technique allowing the subdivision of the structure into several sub-domains which can be computed separately.
