The main goal of this thesis consists on studying the production of a bright ion cesium source with a low energy dispersion. In this work, the technology of cold atoms is used to coupled this source with optical elements of focused ion beams (FIB).A cw ionic source with high current and small energy spread is necessary to complete the performances of others available sources. A new experimenal scheme is presented here.A continuous high flux of cesium atoms is produced by a recirculating oven. The atoms are the collimated and compessed using laser cooling technology. Several simulations concerning the collimation and the compression have been made.A different way of producing ions comes from the excitation in an electric field of Rydberg atoms and then their ionization in an electric field. The remarkable properties of Rydberg atoms show the possibilty to ionize them almost instantanely reducing this way the energy spread. In the work several simulations indicate the way to choose the right Rydberg state for this application and the correct corresponding electric field.Further simulations determinate the electrdes needed for the excitation and the ionization of the Rydberg atoms from the beam. Moreover, a first study of the coulombian effects occuring in this ion source is described. Finally, a theorical study of the ion source and optic FIB coupling is shown.The description of the experimental setup and the first results complete this work.
