DNA damages interfere with replication and transcription. They are normally eliminated by repair mechanisms, such as nucleotide excision repair (NER). They can also be tolerated by translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). During my PhD work, we studied the involvement of NER pathway and DNA polymerase η (Polη) associated with TLS in response to DNA damages induced by ultraviolet (UV) and a chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin.The main lesions induced by UV irradiation are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidones (6-4PPs) which are removed by NER. Data on the formation of single-stranded DNA regions and those of the cell cycle suggest that 6-4PPs lesions are tolerated by a post-replication repair mechanism in XP-C cells (xeroderma pigmentosum group C, deficient in NER). In a second time, my goal was to determine the contribution of Polη in the tolerance of lesions induced by UV in XP-C cells. Indeed, it is known that Polη is responsible for the replication of CPDs, but in the absence of Polη, NER-proficient cells are not hypersensitive to UV rays. In addition, it was suggested that Polη is also involved in the TLS of 6-4PPs. By knocking down (KD) the expression of the gene encoding Polη in XP-C cells with a shRNA, we established the first stable line of human fibroblasts deficient in both NER and Polη (XP-C/PolηKD). This functional reduction in the expression of Polη in XP-C cells irradiated with low UVC dose resulted in an irreversible cell cycle arrest, the generation of single- and double-strand DNA breaks and significant cell death. These data demonstrate a crucial role for Polη in the survival of NER-deficient cells after UV irradiation and suggest that Polη can also participate in the TLS of 6-4PPs.In addition, we showed that cells deficient in NER or Polη are sensitized by treatment with doxorubicin indicating that NER and Polη also participate in the response of DNA damages induced by this agent.In conclusion, during my PhD work, we highlighted the complex interconnections between Polη and NER pathway in response to different genotoxic agents.
