After the peak period during the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2100-1800/1750 B.C.), around 1750 B.C. the Oxus civilization knows a phase of deep transformations leading to its disappearance and to the emergence of a new cultural complex around 1500 B.C. The Final Bronze Age, yet not much undocumented in Southern Central Asia, seems to be too unknown, and hence disparaged. It represents though a major period in the Central Asia history, where remain unanswered complex questions such as the one of the "decline" of societies, or the one of the interactions between miscellaneous ethnocultural groups. This work, based on ancient and unpublished sources, in a multidisciplinary approach, allows us to specify this era pointing out especially its multicultural characteristic. The study of the periodization is another major aspect of this work. Approached, until now, as an only chronological block, the Final Bronze Age may be shared out in two phases. The material complex, typical of each phase, is unevenly distributed over the territory. In addition, reviewing the causes of the shifts, previously proposed, allows to revise, temper or eliminate some of them. Finally, the analysis of mutations gives us the opportunity to conceive not a general decline, but gradual and heterogeneous developments leading to the emergence of a new type of society, which continuities are visible in the Early Iron Age. Despite some resiliency phenomenons, the impact of the noticed transformations won't allowed the political and cultural structures of the Oxus civilization to be maintained in the middle of the 2nd millennium B.C.
