In a connected world, interconnection of heterogeneous systems becomes a need. Systems of systems (SoS) answer to this need by providing global supervision and control over such systems, named sub- systems in the context of SoS. Some sub-systems face to a dynamic environment, therefore, they have to evolve in order to meet new requirements, and they have to perform adaptations whenever availability is a requirement. Main difficulty about evolution is it can concern a set of sub-systems, or a global vision such as one provided by system of systems. Therefore, the problems of evolution and adaptation are important. In the domain of software engineering, this thesis provides the R- approach that defends the hypothesis that the more a system is Reflective, and the more it is able to adapt, and so, to evolve. Three major contributions and one evaluated use case justify R-. R-DDS and R-MOM add reflective capabilities in asynchronous communication sub-systems, and R-EMS adds reflectivity on a global vision of a SoS, its sub-systems and its environment. R-DDS adds reflectivity to Data Distribution Service dedicated to real-time and embedded domains. R- MOM goes up in abstraction compared to R-DDS, in adding reflective capabilities at level of asynchronous middleware functionalities. R-EMS is a Reflective Environment Management System helping SoS use. Finally, use case and evaluation are done over a sub-model implementation of THALES' SoS TACTICOS.
