This thesis is dedicated to the resources allocation for the transmission of scalable multimedia data under Quality-of-Service (QoS) constraints on heterogeneous networks. We focus on wire and wireless links (DS-CDMA, OFDMA) with the transmission of images, speech over frequency and non frequency selective channels. Resources from the physical layer are addressed : channel code rates (to protect the data against the degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio SNR), modulation orders, carriers ordering (to convey the layers) and the allocated power. The aim of this report is to allocate these parameters in order to maximize the source rate of the multimedia data under targeted QoS and system payload with a perfect or partial channel knowledge. The QoS is expressed in term of perceived quality from the End To end User and in term of Bit Error Rate per Class from the scalable source encoder. In a such context, we propose some link adaptation schemes whose novelty is to enable the truncation of the data layers. Moreover, these strategies make use of the sensivity to transmission errors and the channel state information to dynamically adapt the protection of the layers (Unequal Error Protection UEP) in accordance with the QoS requirements. These procedures explore multiple resources optimization criteria: the minimization of the system payload and the maximization of the robustness to the channel estimation error. For each one, we perform the optimal allocation (bit loading) of the previous parameters that maximize the source rate while ensuring the constraints of the receiver. We show that these schemes fi t to any communication system and we present the performances and compare them to the State Of The Art procedures.
