As outlined by strong and unexplained discrepancies in the literature, whether proprioceptive control of movement is altered in physiological adult ageing is still under debate. In an attempt to unify these previous results, the three studies of the present thesis proposed to test the effects of muscle, attentional and temporal stresses on the proprioceptive control of movement, respectively. The common task of these three studies was an ankle contralateral concurrent matching task. To test the effects of muscle, cognitive and temporal stresses on the proprioceptive control performance of older and young adults, participants performed the matching task in fatigue and no-fatigue, single and dual task, and self-paced and fast speed conditions, respectively. To assess participants' proprioceptive performance, error, temporal and kinematic variables were analysed. The results of the first study showed that performance in the matching task was altered by muscle fatigue only when the reference was actively maintained. To avoid confounding fatigue effects with other effects, the second and third studies assessed the matching task with a reference passively maintained. The results of these studies first showed that end-point performance in the matching task was similar in young and older adults in the absence of cognitive and temporal stress. However, the strategies the participants used to reach the end-point position were different in young and older adults. Second, the addition of a cognitive or temporal stress degraded the proprioceptive control performance in older adults as compared to the young ones. Taken together, these results emphasize a decreased resilience to stressors in older adults as compared to young ones and highlight the age-related alteration in proprioceptive control of movement.
