Ovarian hormones, estradiol and progesterone, are known to promote breast carcinogenesis in BRCA1 mutated women. Using normal mammary gland xenografted in mice, we found that hormonal responses were deregulated in a heterogeneous fashion within BRCA1 mutation carriers. These observations raise the question of a potential use ofantiprogestin treatment as ulipristal acetate (UPA) to prevent breast tumorigenesis in BRCA1mutated women. Studies with this experimental model and epithelial normal breast cells in vitro, revealed that UPA alone had no proliferative activity on breast tissue but was efficient to inhibit proliferative activity when induced by progesterone treatment in mutated tissue. UPAcould be a promising treatment to prevent breast tumorigenesis for some mutated women. In addition, we observed a severe decrease of the phosphorylated Serine 211 glucocorticoid receptor isoform in BRCA1 carriers compared to non mutated tissue. This observation suggests that the glucocorticoid receptor expression and activation should be taken intoaccount in BRCA1 carriers.
