Our thesis concerns the acquisition and the loss of the French nationality between 1804 and 1927.During this period, as well the acquisition as the loss of the French nationality were subjet to the the influence of the political, economic and sociological imperatives of time.On the one hand, as regards the acquisition of the French nationality two criteria were retained by the various authors to grant the quality of French. According to them, only the jus sanguinis or the jus soli allowed to acquire the French nationality. However, we have to admit that it is nothing. Indeed, we were able to establish through the preparatory work study of the Civil code that a third criterion taking into account the essential qualities that is the assimilation of the customs, the manners, the habits and the French culture, was at the origin of a large number of acquisition of the French nationality.On the other hand, these same imperatives determined with more or less of severity the conditions of loss of French nationality.Consequently, it is difficult to determine with precision what is a French.