This thesis focuses on the distributed orchestration of services, resulting (1) from an explicit decomposition of an orchestration into sub-orchestrations, located on physical remote sites to ensure protection of data for example, or (2) from a constructive approach whereby existing and possibly heterogeneous orchestrations are coupled in order to build a global and still distributed orchestration. Service orchestrations reflect business processes, sometimes lasting long, which thus have to be reconfigurable at runtime. This thesis introduces an execution support for distributed, heterogenous, dynamically reconfigurable orchestrations, while enabling a global management. A service orchestration can be considered along its two associated dimensions : temporal reflecting the chain of service invocations during time, spatial which makes it explicit which services are needed to be invoked in order for the orchestration to take place. We thus promote a new model, based upon a software component approach, for service oriented applications, inspired partly from SCA and SCA/BPEL, but allowing to represent and manipulate these two dimensions at once. Our approach grounds upon a model for software components which are distributed and dynamically adaptable, thus inheriting from these qualities of distribution and dynamic reconfiguration. We describe an implementation of our model using the "Grid Component Model" reference implementation on top of the distributed active objects library named "ProActive". We validate experimentally our approach through a servicebased application for the installation and management of a park of OSGi gateways.
