Currently and due to the decrease of oil resources for coming years, hydrogen or syngas (CO + H2) are considered as energy vectors to environmental issues and energy needs. The exploitation of biomass provides a reserve of carbon and hydrogen which can be converted into usable fuel. The present work of this thesis is part of research on the topic of the biomass conversion by non-thermal plasma. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of a specific plasma reactor called "Statarc" for the production of syngas from biomass. To characterize the behaviour of the Statarc reactor, the physical study of the discharge in water vapour was first performed. This preliminary work is considered to a baseline to understand the results obtained with methanol, ethanol and phenol mixtures. In all the cases studied, the concentration obtained of H2 in the dry gas does not exceed 66%. Chemical and energy balances are establish to evaluate the losses in our system. Experiments on the treatment of ammonia, representing other hydrogenated compounds, have shown the efficiency of our plasma reactor to produce syngas. Direct treatment of wood has allowed us to deduce that the plasma treatment produces a gas mixture releases more energy than that provided by the combustion of consumed wood. To obtain a better understanding of phenomena that occur in a plasma reactor, a simple chemical model was developed in the case of the mixture of methanol - water. The experimental results obtained in this work imply perspectives for modeling.
