Fungi are common microbial contaminants of indoor environments. Many studies have demonstrated their role in the partial or total degradation of materials they colonize such as building materials, or works of art. Moreover, those microbial contaminants are likely to lead to allergies, infections, poisoning or irritation. Since 2005, a new technique based on researching specific chemical tracers in the air, was developed and validated during different measurement campaigns. This approach is now applied to various indoor environments (houses, offices, schools, child care centers…) and allows the detection of recent and/or hidden contamination. The purpose of this work is to study and characterize a rapid and continuous air analysing microsystem for detection of fungal contamination in closed spaces. This study falls within the field of monitoring air microbiological quality in indoor environments. In addition to the time saved by the absence of any laboratory analysis, this system must provide a permanent monitoring of environments frequented by people, such as museums, schools, hospitals... This research is based both on the fungal detection method developed by CSTB and on scientific and technical expertise of ESIEE : specialised in design and manufacturing of miniaturized analysis systems obtained using microtechnology. The first step of this study was to define the compounds' nature to be detected for different cases of contamination along with the sampling strategy for the system. The second step focuses on the microstructures design and fabrication to be used in microanalytical system based on gas chromatography and the development of a miniaturised analysis system. So the first part of the study consisted in defining specific fungal contamination tracers for heritage conservation sites. This list allowed to reinforce a fungal contamination index for indoor environments and to define two specific indexes designed for heritage conservation sites. The validation of these different indexes allowed checking their compliance with those types of environments (castles, museums, libraries, decorated caves...) by detecting all cases of contamination, along with the control remediation of former contaminated environments. The second part of the study enabled the design and validation of three main modules constitutive of the microanalytical system based on gas chromatography. A miniaturised analysis system based on three modules has been developed
