The key point of radical and/or cationic polymerization is the generation of radicals and/or cations that initiate the reaction. These are formed by transformation via light absorption of a photosensitive compound. Since the majority of polymerization reactions occur in an open system, we can understand the importance of finding solutions to the disadvantages associated with the presence of air during the crosslinking. During this work, new series of molecules of silanes, germanes, boranes ... were examined. Were also interested by the polymerization induced by visible light. Our objective is to develop systems whose spectral sensitivity extends to longer wavelengths. This work consists in two main parts: The first part on the radical polymerization also contains a literature review and is divided into three chapters. The second part on the cationic polymerization is divided into seven chapters. An appendix will be given at the end of this manuscript and includes the various experimental techniques.
