The first part of this thesis is devoted to the theoretical analysis of adiabatic processes allowing the transfer of population from an initial state to a target state of a quantum system. The strategy of parallel adiabatic passage, in which the coupling parameters are specifically designed to optimize the adiabatic passage corresponding to parallel eigenvalues at all times, allows one to combine the energetically efficiency of pi-pulse and related strategies with the robustness of standard adiabaticpassage. The second part of this thesis concerns the effects of the dissipation in adiabatic passage. The non-adiabatic transition probability formula of a two state system with dissipation is established. This formula allows on in particular to derive the general solution of a dissipative two-level system in the adiabatic limit which is valid beyond weak dissipation regimes.
