A copy number variation of genes from human chromosome 21 (HSA21) leads to morphological and physiological anomalies of a great number of organs among patients. Trisomy 21 or Down’s syndrome, and partial monosomy of the HSA21 lead to complex and variable phenotypes. In order to identify dosage sensitive genes, we developed a model of monosomy for the Prmt2-Col6a1 region of the murine chromosome 10 (MMU10). The analysis of this model showed that the Ms1Yah mice develop an alteration af the inflammatory and pulmonary responses after an instillation of LPS. The analysis, by Q-PCR, of the expression of the genes from the Prmt-2Col6a1 area pinpointed two genes as candidates: Prmt2 and S100B. The defectives lines for these genes were used to test the implication of Prmt2 and S100B in the modification of the inflammatory and pulmonary answer after LPS stimulation. This work showed on one hand that Prmt2 is involved in the regulation of the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose dependant manner, via its inhibitor role in the NF-κB signalization. On the other hand, S100B does not seem to be involved in the inflammatory response induced by the LPS, whereas its inactivation induces a reduction in the hyper response of the airway, in a dose dependant manner. The inflammatory response would be the consequence of the crossing of two ways of signalization: LPS-TLR4-NF-κB-Prmt2 and S100B-RAGE-NF-κB. It would be necessary that the Prmt2 ways be defective to observe an effect of S100B in inflammation.The injection of an anti-S100B antibody in B6 mice showed a reduction in the HRA induced by an instillation of LPS. The preliminary analysis of the use of this antibody in a murin asthma model support its capacity to decrease the HRA for the strongest amounts of metacholin, showing the therapeutic potential of the molecule.
