This thesis contributes to the Human-Computer Interaction domain. It aims to take into account the context of use for the new platforms like the interactive tables. By the concept of interactive table, one can suppose a collaborative and co-localized workspace allowing several users to work at the same time but also new interactions mixing tangible, virtual objects even tactile. That is due to these observations and to the interest granted to these new platforms that we proposed to characterize and to list the interactive tables by using a model that we proposed. The context is a concept used for a long time in the interactive applications design. Research in Human-Computer Interaction brought many elements making it possible to define and to qualify it thoroughly. Our proposal aims so to take into account the context of use for the interactive tables. For that, we initially modeled the context of use such as it can be defined in the literature. Then we increased this model in order to adapt it to the use of the interactive tables. A set of formalisms making it possible to define the context and a situation of use for the interactive tables are also presented, those bring up us to propose an adaptation system to the context of use then a set of adaptation rules. We carry out the adaptation to the context of use by using the TangiSense interactive table, result of project ANR TTT. For that we use, and implement our suggested adaptation rules in order to allow the TangiSense interactive table to adapt itself according to the context and to the situations of use. In order to evaluate the whole of the elements proposed in this thesis, two studies were conducted: the first one in laboratory, the second one in a natural environment in nursery school. A set of research prospects finishes the report.
