This thesis presents a study of electronic transport in exfoliated graphene at low temperature. A first set of experiment at 4K on samples connected by titanium/gold electrodes exhibits Quantum Hall effect and universal conductance fluctuations. Quantum Hall effect shows a half-integer quantization specific of graphene. The universality of conductance fluctuations is checked experimentally and a decrease of electronic coherence length is observed near the Dirac point. A second series of samples connected by titanium/aluminium electrodes allows the study of superconducting proximity effect in graphene, at temperatures between 1K and 100mK. In a first sample, measurements exhibit multiple Andreev reflexions and indicate nearly established Josephson effect. An amplification of universal conductance fluctuations when electrodes are in the superconducting state is also observed. In a second sample, we observe strong localization, which tends to suppress conductance fluctuation, therefore entering in competition with proximity effect.
