BiFeO3 material is the subject of number fundamental studies in multiferroic materials. This interest is mainly cause by the existence of two long range order at room temperature : ferroelectricity and G type antiferromagnetism (this one is also no collinear with the presence of a weak ferromagnetism, and a cycloidal spin modulation with a wave length of 620 angstrom). So, it is possible to study coupling behaviour between electrical and magnetic properties.This work is mainly about the synthesis, high temperature structures, and physical properties (principally electronic and magnetic one) in BFO material after sintering it under different oxygen partial pressure. The first step of this work is about the synthesis study in order to optimize the protocol of ceramic formation. The sintering under atmosphere are done in order to change the oxygen stoichiometry of BFO, we expected to affect this physical properties. We saw some weak modifications of few properties, but Néel and Curie temperature are not altered.Concerning the nature of BFO high temperature structure, beta and gamma phase, which are subject of number controversies in literature, were studied with X-rays and DSC analysis, in pure or in bismuth excess phase. This excess leads to stabilize the gamma phase between 940 and 950°C, and avoid decomposition. To complete this work on pure phase BFO, we doped ceramic with 10 % of Zr4+ in order to study the high temperature structural behaviour, electrical and magnetic properties of this new composition. At last, numerical simulation on the stoichiometric, bismuth or oxygen lacunar system are done to understand structural, electrical and magnetic evolution after the sintering.The last part is a study on behaviour of pure phase BFO at low temperature with different form : nanotube, ceramic and single crystal. We analysed electrical (impedance, pyroelectricity, EPR and electrostriction), magnetic (magnetization function of temperature and magnetic field) and structural comportment (X-rays in theta-2theta and grazing incidence, DSC, microRaman and ultrasonic resonance). It reveals that tree temperature show a specific behaviour : 140 and 200 K, which are link by several analysis technical and seems to be a surface transition (skin effect) in BFO, but also 180 K where we found a non constant evolution in the thermal dilatation, and an electrostriction effect.
