Structures can be submitted to severe loadings, especially impacts and earthquakes, and reducing the seismic vulnerability of existing structures is thus an important issue. Retrofitting by Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is an interesting technical solution but design rules have to be developed concerning their application for seismic strengthening. This thesis aims to contribute to the development of design rules concerning the strengthening of reinforced concrete columns by FRP. For this purpose, an experimental campaign carried out on full-scale reinforced concrete columns has been undertaken. Different strengthening configurations have been applied to columns, which were then tested under combined axial and lateral load. Those tests helped to analyze the behaviour of columns depending on the FRP confinement (carbon FRP jacket), on flexural reinforcement (carbon plates) and on anchorage of FRP. An additional experimental campaign has been undertaken in order to characterize an innovative anchoring system and assess its performance. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the different strengthening configurations in increasing the dissipated energy and the ductility. In addition to the quantitative aspects, it was made possible to propose design rules for the use of FRP in seismic rehabilitation, linked to current rules, especially Eurocode 8
