The thesis fits into the random matrix theory, in intersection with free probability and operator algebra. It is part of a general approach which is common since the last decades: using tools and concepts of non commutative probability in order to get general results about the spectrum of large random matrices. Where are interested here in generalization of Voiculescu's asymptotic freeness theorem. In Chapter 1 and 2, we show some results of strong asymptotic freeness for gaussian, random unitary and deterministic matrices. In Chapter 3 and 4, we introduce the notion of asymptotic false freeness for deterministic matrices and certain random matrices, Hermitian with independent sub-diagonal entries, interpolating Wigner and Lévy models.
