Based on filed surveys conducted between 2003 and 2007, this thesis examines the relationship between local government and "ordinary" residents in non-regulatory areas - most of which are slums - located in Rabat and its southern periphery (Témara and Skhirat). Beyond their diversity (location, genes, morphology, size, economic, social, etc.) the areas we chose have all been the previous or recent object of public policy in terms of their restructuring or rehabilitation and are all considering, in one way or another, moving and relocating their inhabitants. The purpose of this thesis is therefore devoted to analyzing the reactions of these populations to these policies, understanding that beyond the individual relations, we observe the rapid emergence of a collective response. There are likely to favor either the activation of shapes or structures of existing organizations (j'maâ) or the emergence of new organizational forms, such as neighborhood associations. The posture of our research is to consider that the residents of these neighborhoods, usually stigmatized or considered minor by both government officials and administrative officials acting locally or by the "ethnic" citizens, are not passive agents of the decisions being made concerning their habitat and their lif0estyle, but they are quite able to express their varied "skills" including their ability to mobilize, to take industrial action and to negotiate with authorities. Our thesis therefore questions the policies for the restructuring of slums and mobilizations that they generate in return. It is therefore to understand and analyze the modes of the people involved in the protest action: how they organize themselves, in what manner and in what form or forms. Once they are in pressured groups, the residents challenge the authorities and negotiate with the State the access to basic infrastructure. The residents of non-regulatory efforts enable them to obtain tangible benefits through their collective mobilizations organized around legitimate directories by reference to systematic human rights and their personal rights (the right to the city in particular). The forms of mobilization of the inhabitants of these neighborhoods which we will identify describe and analyze in detail, will allow us to understand how a system of actors is formed. From localized studies, these actions of the inhabitants are, for us, the only keys of the interpretation of the conflicts and controversies that arise and develop from the powerful relations that create coalitions of interest that sometimes, even if rare, are emerging, but they also help us to understand how they establish and evolve the negotiations between the residents, operators and planning authorities (local and /or notional).
