The study of nuclei at the proton drip-line is a recent and efficient tool to prove the nuclear structure far from stability. In particular, the two proton radioactivity phenomenon predicted in 1960 has been discovered in 2002. This PhD thesis concerns an experiment realised at GANIL, in order to study the 2p radioactivity of 54Zn with a time projection chamber, developed for the individual detection of each proton and the reconstruction of their tracks in three dimensions. The data analysis allowed to determine the correlations in energy and angle between the two protons. They have been compared to a theoretical model, which takes into account the dynamics of the emission, giving information about the structure of the emitter. However, due to the very low statistics, the interpretation of the results is limited but these results open very interesting prospects for further studies of nuclei at the limits of the existence.
