As part of this thesis, we investigate the vehicle routing problem. We propose heuristics to solve this problem quickly and efficiently. In this thesis, we deal with three problems: the first is the Dial-a-ride problem. For this problem, we propose heuristics based on the technique of insertion and a constraint propagation technique. We propose also the procedure SPLIT and some operators of local research to solve this problem. The second is the multi-criteria DARP for which we propose an ELS framework. The third is a DARP problem with financial constraints (DARPF), which is an extension of DARP. We solve this problem thanks to insertion heuristics using a constraint propagation technique. The objective function determines the characteristics of the tour. Experimental results show that our (meta-) heuristics give results more favorable to customers (better quality of service)
