In the current automobile trend of global CO2 emissions reduction, the electric vehicle seems to be one of the most effective solutions. It is a new technology and, consequently, many questions appear, in particular concerning the range impacted by the constant increase of the number of electric loads embedded in vehicles. It is necessary to design an electric powertain allying sufficient range and good performances and respecting cost constraints, which is a determining criterion for every car manufacturer. Concerning conception tools, many car manufacturers turn to other solutions that only physical prototypes realization by using numerical simulation from the beginning of the V-cycle in order to optimize powertrain presizing and ensure a significant costs and delays reduction.The thesis works are based on two axes.The first part consists in modeling the power system of electric vehicle (powertrain, air-conditioning, heating system and 14V network) in order to simulate the global system behavior in transient state. The dynamic aspect is important: for example, losses maps cannot be used if we are interested in vehicle performances in terms of accelerations. Moreover, as that will be shown, the vehicle range is impacted in a significant way by the dynamic phenomena. The models are validated by comparison with tests results.In a second part, we proceed to electric power system optimization. The criteria that interest us namely range and performances are conflicting, what gives rise in search of "best" compromises. It is necessary to distinguish control laws optimization from architecture optimization, both being led sequentially.
