In this thesis, we suggest a hardware/software co-design methodology for software radio systems, and more generally for flexible embedded electronics systems, allowing to answer the new design challenges it imposes and to improve the productivity. Our co-design methodology is based on a high-level UML/MARTE (extension of UML dedicated to the hardware modeling) modeling approach. Based on model driven architecture (derived from model driven engineering), our methodology allows to start at a high-level modeling level and go down to the hardware implementation (generation of VHDL code) by successive rules of transformation and iterative refinements of the models. For that, we defined the middle level of modeling, e.g. Execution Modeling Level, which allows focusing on hardware/software partitioning and focusing on the exploration of architecture to design the hardware platform. To complete the generation of the hardware design language, associated with this methodology, we recommend to couple a co-design methodology based on high-level models with the behavioral synthesis concept. This approach is illustrated with a MIMO decoder example. Finally, in the software radio context, we suggest an extension of the methodology in order to take into account the flexibility of the embedded systems. For that, we include into our methodology an architecture defined at Supélec to manage the reconfiguration. An execution of high-level models on a real radio platform allowed to validate our approach.