The first vocation of this thesis would be a state of the art on the field of quantum computation, if not exhaustive, simple access (chapters 1, 2 and 3). The original (interesting) part of this treatise consists of two mathematical approaches of quantum computation concerning some quantum systems : the first one is an algebraic nature and utilizes some particular structures : Galois fields and rings (chapter 4), the second one calls to a peculiar geometry, known as projective one (chapter 5). These two approaches were motivated by the theorem of Kochen and Specker and by work of Peres and Mermin which rose from it
