This thesis is in keeping with the research activities of the optics department of the ENST Bretagne concerningoptical information processing functions. This work is based on the study of 1D or 2D diffractiongratings realized holographically in order to obtain functions such as Bragg gratings or resonant opticalfilters. Suitable simulation tools are developed to determine the theoretical response of these structures:the rigorous coupled-wave theory and the differential method, which take the vector nature of light intoaccount. Two holographic materials used for recording volume holograms are studied: Dupont photopolymersfor which a diffusion model is established and H-PDLCs (Holographic Polymer Dispersed LiquidCrystals) which can be used to realize electrically switchable Bragg gratings. These studies concerningmodelling and recording materials allow us to validate the principle of two resonant optical filters. Thefirst filter is a 2D photonic crystal made of two orthogonal periodic structures. The filtering operationis due to the enhancement of the diffraction by the structure when the incident light is at the photonicband-edge. The second resonant filter is tunable and uses surface plasmon resonance phenomena occurringfor metallic surface relief gratings, the tunability being provided by the PDLC material.
