Image slicers systems are a new type of integral field spectrographs for astronomical instrumentation. This dissertation presents the study and modelization of the performance of such systems based on an optical design including a slicing mirror. The latter consists of a stacking of slices with spherical and tilted active optical surfaces. In view of instrumentation of JWST and VLT, this work describes optical design, manufacturing, assembling, component test results (shape, roughness, BRDF) and overall system performance (image quality, alignment) of two alternative technologies for image slicers. Proposed by Cybernetix, the first one uses individual optical components made of Zerodur, polished by classical method and assembled together by molecular adhesion. The second one involves monolithic or segmented optical elements made of metal and state-of-the-art diamond-turning machines. Then, we conclude on a comparison between these two different technologies, giving the most suitable solutions for astronomical instruments, either ground or spaceborne, and mono or multi channels.
