This thesis presents a new kind of model for meaning construction, within the framework of continuous mathematics. We take the language as a morphodynamic system following the basic principles of the Gestalttheorie. Linguistics units find their meaning in a semantic space with a differentiable variety structure. We assess the validity of this model by implementing and using it on a french adjectival lexicon. Our method of automatic building of the semantic spaces, which relies on the analysis of a graph of synonymy, enables us to explore the adjectival lexicon as a whole, or to construct local semantic spaces. Local semantic spaces are used as a basis of a dynamic method for meaning computation, which allows us to take the different factors of adjectival polysemy into account. The use of global semantic spaces is very promising, not only in the domain of meaning computation, but also in that of small world graphs exploration.
