In a plane, a helicopter or a launcher, thousands of sensors, most non critics are used for the measurement of various parameters (temperatures, pressures, positions ...). The data are then sent within wires to the onboard computers who treat them. This involves the establishment of hundreds of kilometers of cables (500 km for an airliner) whose volume is considerable. The consequences are a high design and manufacturing complexity, reliability problems, especially on the connectors, and a large mass. In addition, some areas instrumentation is impossible because the lack of space makes the wiring difficult to envisage. Moreover, it is often advantageous to install new sensors to upgrade old aircrafts but the installation of cables required involves a partial dismantling which is problematic and expensive. To solve these problems, an innovative idea emerged in the aerospace industry: start replacing wired networks connecting the sensors of an aircraft and their decision-making center by wireless networks. The wireless communication technologies are now widely used in the electronics market. They are also beginning to be deployed for industrial applications such as automotive or remote reading of utility meters. However, replacing cables by waves represents an important technological challenge such as the broadcast in confined spaces or safety, security, reliability and electromagnetic compatibility issues. This thesis is motivated on one hand by the significant progress in the aerospace environment that could represent the establishment of a wireless network on aircraft. Indeed it could solve traditional problems such as instrumentation and lightening. The result would be: * A better understanding of the environment and the health monitoring of the aircraft * A reduction of the weight. * A gain of flexibility. * A gain of scalability and malleability. * A reduction of the complexity. * An improvement in the reliability On the other hand, given the design complexity of this wireless sensor network, it was necessary to apply a suitable methodology inspired engineering system. It is possible, given the number of subsystems to consider that this methodology is reusable for other case studies. A state of art as complete as possible has been built around the existing on the subject. Indeed, one can read this thesis have a pretty good idea of what has been done. A list was compiled of all wireless technologies indicating their state of maturity, their advantages and disadvantages to clarify our choices and the reasons for these choices. Wireless sensor projects have been launched; efficient and customizable wireless technologies have been developed their maturity in various sectors such as home automation, healthcare, automotive and even aerospace have been proved. However no wireless sensor was actually installed in aerospace environment because many technological are steel to overcome. With the strength of those past experiences, and maturity, conclusions were drawn from previous projects to move towards more sustainable solutions. Once identified, the technological gap has been isolated. A customization of our solution has been considered in order to reach that point with the means available. The methodology has allowed us to identify a maximum of constraints, needs and requirements to better focus innovation efforts and choose the most appropriate technologies
