Ditan de tu'an: shilun Qingdai falü wenhua zhong de 'xiguan' yu'qiyue'"『地毯上的圖案：試論清代法律文化中的「習慣」與「契約」』(Images dans le tapis : à propos des notions de " coutume " et de " contrat " dans la culture juridique des Qing)

The article discusses the meaning of the ubiquitous contract deeds in Qing society, and the way litigations over contracts were dealt with by magistrates, to show that there was no "contractual law", in the sense that contracts were more social pacts than legal agreements, as Western lawyers would have them.