ISI Document Delivery No.: 202BT Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 32 Cited References: Arbic BK, 2001, J CLIMATE, V14, P4091, DOI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)0142.0.CO;2 BINDOFF NL, 1994, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V24, P1137, DOI 10.1175/1520-0485(1994)0242.0.CO;2 Boyer T. P., 2005, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V32 Bryden HL, 1996, J CLIMATE, V9, P3162, DOI 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)0092.0.CO;2 Cazenave A, 2009, GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE, V65, P83, DOI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.10.004 Cazenave A, 2010, ANNU REV MAR SCI, V2, P145, DOI 10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081105 Church J. A., 2011, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V38, DOI 10.1029/2011GL048794 Cunningham S. A., 2007, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V34 Curry R., 2005, SCIENCE, V308 Curry R, 2003, NATURE, V426, P826, DOI 10.1038/nature02206 DONEY SC, 1994, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V24, P638, DOI 10.1175/1520-0485(1994)0242.0.CO;2 Johnson G. C., 2008, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V35 Johnson GC, 2011, OCEANOGRAPHY, V24, P112, DOI 10.5670/oceanog.2011.31 Joyce TM, 1996, J CLIMATE, V9, P3121, DOI 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)0092.0.CO;2 Joyce TM, 1999, DEEP-SEA RES PT II, V46, P245, DOI 10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00102-7 Kouketsu S., 2011, J GEOPHYS RES, V116 Leuliette EW, 2011, OCEANOGRAPHY, V24, P122 Levitus S., 2012, GEOPHYS RES LETT Levitus S., 2005, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V32 Llovel W, 2010, OCEAN DYNAM, V60, P1193, DOI 10.1007/s10236-010-0324-0 Lombard A, 2005, GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE, V47, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.11.016 Lyman JM, 2010, NATURE, V465, P334, DOI 10.1038/nature09043 McDougall TJ, 2005, J MAR RES, V63, P159, DOI 10.1357/0022240053693734 Munk W, 2003, SCIENCE, V300, P2041, DOI 10.1126/science.1085534 Peltier WR, 2009, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V28, P1658, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.04.004 Phillips HE, 2007, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V37, P554, DOI 10.1175/JPO2997.1 Purkey SG, 2010, J CLIMATE, V23, P6336, DOI 10.1175/2010JCLI3682.1 Roemmich D, 2009, PROG OCEANOGR, V82, P81, DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.03.004 SCHROEDE.E, 1969, PROG OCEANOGR, V5, P31, DOI 10.1016/0079-6611(69)90025-1 Song Y. T., 2010, J GEOPHYS RES, V116 Willis J. K., 2008, J GEOPHYS RES, V113 Willis JK, 2009, J ATMOS OCEAN TECH, V26, P846, DOI 10.1175/2008JTECHO608.1 Aucana, Jerome Llovel, William NSF [OCE 88-01089, OCE 93-01950, OCE 96-17795 OCE-0326885]; Oak Ridge Associated Universities through the NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP) Insightful discussions with Benoit Meyssignac helped improve the scope of this paper. Financial support for BATS has come largely from NSF (primarily OCE 88-01089,OCE 93-01950, OCE 96-17795 OCE-0326885). William Llovel was supported by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through the NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP) and carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 0 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD DEEP-SEA RES PT II SI