From the domain of roads to the domain of construction, the organic materials used are very diverse (bitumens, paints, cements, etc), but studying their chemical structure and their composition generally uses the same analysis techniques. Without claiming to be exhaustive, this chapter completes and brings up to date the presentation of chemical, physicochemical, physicomechanical and thermomechanical properties previously offered through research studying the chemical structure of basic organic materials and their additives, used in civil engineering. The original aspect of this work primarily lies in adapting methods and analysis conditions, the extension of their application domain and interpreting their results according to the nature of the material being analyzed (bitumen binders, anti-corrosive paints, organic admixtures used in cementing materials) and the problems posed.
