What becomes the members of minorities for the period of globalization and uncertainty which characterizes our time of "acute modernity"? They often pass from the denial of themselves to the assertion of their identity, without always reaching - it is notably the case in Brittany - to leave the feelings for the reflection and the building of an identity-project. Everywhere today, the social relations dissociate from their context; however, in a global world, the collective identities also tend to be recomposed. Globalization makes obsolete the idea of a world constituted by closed and homogeneous state societies and incites to display imagination: what alternative to the national state could fit with a global society and allow a more equal integration of minorities?