Three Simulation Algorithms for Labelled Transition Systems

Algorithms which compute the coarsest simulation preorder are generally designed on Kripke structures. Only in a second time they are extended to labelled transition systems. By doing this, the size of the alphabet appears in general as a multiplicative factor to both time and space complexities. Let $Q$ denotes the state space, $\rightarrow$ the transition relation, $\Sigma$ the alphabet and $P_{sim}$ the partition of $Q$ induced by the coarsest simulation equivalence. In this paper, we propose a base algorithm which minimizes, since the first stages of its design, the incidence of the size of the alphabet in both time and space complexities. This base algorithm, inspired by the one of Paige and Tarjan in 1987 for bisimulation and the one of Ranzato and Tapparo in 2010 for simulation, is then derived in three versions. One of them has the best bit space complexity up to now, $O(|P_{sim}|^2+|{\rightarrow}|.\log|{\rightarrow}|)$, while another one has the best time complexity up to now, $O(|P_{sim}|.|{\rightarrow}|)$. Note the absence of the alphabet in these complexities. A third version happens to be a nice compromise between space and time since it runs in $O(b.|P_{sim}|.|{\rightarrow}|)$ time, with $b$ a branching factor generally far below $|P_{sim}|$, and uses $O(|P_{sim}|^2.\log|P_{sim}|+|{\rightarrow}|.\log|{\rightarrow}|)$ bits.

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Source https://inria.hal.science/hal-00771518
Author Cécé, Gérard
Maintainer CCSD
Last Updated May 15, 2026, 12:01 (UTC)
Created May 15, 2026, 12:01 (UTC)
Identifier hal-00771518
Language en
Rights https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/
contributor Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST) ; Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Marie et Louis Pasteur (UMLP) ; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
creator Cécé, Gérard
date 2013-01-08T00:00:00
harvest_object_id cad62f9a-c1b1-44d6-ae9d-d10828352e13
harvest_source_id 3374d638-d20b-4672-ba96-a23232d55657
harvest_source_title test moissonnage SELUNE
metadata_modified 2026-05-13T00:00:00
relation info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/arxiv/1301.1638
set_spec type:UNDEFINED