These two major works (Sartre's Critique of Dialectical Reason and Lukács' Ontology of Social Being) were and remain both not taken into consideration and neglected. Or, even if they come from différents (contradictory) theorical views, they share a common feature: to renovate the "occidental marxism" which is encumbered by its vulgate. We would demonstrate that beyond theses differences, which are linked together, these works are nevertheless complementary, especially about the issues of the labour and the dialectic of nature.