Impact of mycotoxins on the human gut microbiota, particular case of deoxynivalenol
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins present in cereal crops worldwide. Able to withstand the transformation process undergone by grains, DON can be found as contaminant in raw materials (cereals) and in processed food for humans (pasta, bread, beer) and animals (grains) at concentrations upper the control limits. Despite research efforts to characterize various aspects of the impact of DON contamination, the microbiological effects of DON were not documented in humans. The French agency for food, environmental and occupational health and safety (Anses), as part of its mission to protect the consumer, wanted to assess the impact of DON contamination on the Human Gut Microbiota (HGM). In this study, we first evaluated the kinetics of DON in pigs and rats, and then we assessed the impact of an oral subchronic exposure of deoxynivalenol on the composition of HGM in a human microbiota-associated rats model. DON is a contaminant rapidly distributed and eliminated. In gut, DON leads to significant changes in some of the main bacterial groups of the HGM. This study provides additional data to analyze the risk exposure of DON in humans and shows the interest of these animal models in studies dealing with particular scenarios of DON exposure.