The Tingitane peninsula, a dynamic area in the north-west of the kingdom, and its main towns - Tangier and Tétouan, illustrate Morocco in transition. The evolution of Tangier and Tétouan has been relocated in history: the framework shows periods of dynamism and openness alternated with times of decadence and withdrawal. The concept of integration seems relevant to the study of current evolutions. Main activities and functions, as well as the great infrastructure projects, are presented as factors of integration in Northern Morocco. The region of Tangier-Tétouan is situated at some distance from the Atlantic urban axis, but its strategic location makes it an engine for the kingdom's development; the integration on a national and on an international level finally seem to meet. From global to local, the regional approach leads us on an urban scale to questions on the situation of exclusion and the process of the inclusion of under-equipped districts and their poor populations. The urban sprawl of Tangier and Tétouan poses important questions on the urban inclusion of the under-equipped peripheries and especially of social cohesion. The structural poverty and Morocco's inclusive social model have evolved towards a process of exclusion; yesterday's poor had a place and a role in the hierarchical and unequal society which maintained social cohesion and stability, whereas today a number of the poor are totally excluded. In areas of illegal housing, a particular urban form, infrastructures and public utilities, especially public transport and drinking water, represent indicators for the analysis of the process of inclusion/exclusion in marginal districts. The tools of analysis - "transportation and water" permit the study of urban governance specific to the towns of Tangier and Tétouan. At the end of this thesis, several inclusive models have been identified.
Territorial evolution in Northern Morocco. Urban dynamics in the Tingitane peninsula and governance of public utilities in Tangier and Tétouan (Morocco). The inclusion of poor districts through access to transport and drinking water.