Viral diversity, evolution and ecology : from communities to genotypes. Bioinformatic analysis of viral metagenomes
type: Dataset
description: Viruses likely infect every organism on Earth (in some cases even other viruses!), and represent vast morphological and genetic diversity. Not surprisingly given their numerical dominance, viruses significantly impact ecosystems through regulating microbial populations, driving major biogeochemical cycles, and shaping the evolution of hosts genomes. However, our understanding of viruses in nature is primitive, especially because the majority of environmental viral genomes remains uncharacterized. Metagenomics (i.e. random and massive sequencing of genomic fragments isolated from a sample) applied to encapsidated genetic templates provides a unique perspective on the viral pangenome. The first viral metagenomes (or viromes) generated entire sets of new questions about viral diversity, especially concerning their genetic and species richness. This work was set within this frame of viral diversity study through metagenomics, and organized into four main themes : • The development of bioinformatics tools adapted to the specific features of viral genomes and metagenomes led to the release of Metavir, the first web server dedicated to virome analysis. Providing a comprehensive set of connected tools, Metavir has now been used by more than 300 users in the analysis of more than 2000 viromes. • The functions encoded within viral genomes were for the first time thoroughly examined, following a rigorous examination of a set of published viromes toward contamination by cellular DNA. A new picture of the viral functional potential could thus be drawn, which confirmed that the range of cellular functions encoded in viral genomes is wider than the one retrieved from the complete genomes currently available, though not as great as previously estimated. • The study of the aquatic viral metagenomes also revealed the importance of salinity in the distribution of viral communities across the globe. The ubiquitous distribution of most viral genotypes confirmed that viral particles seem…
landing page: https://theses.hal.science/tel-00908344
identifier: NNT: 2013CLF22380
keyword: bioinformatics
keyword: bioinformatique
keyword: ecologie
keyword: ecology
keyword: evolution
keyword: genomic
keyword: genomique
keyword: infoeu-reposemanticsdoctoralthesis
keyword: metagenomics
keyword: metagenomique
keyword: sdvsalife-sciences-q-bioagricultural-sciences
keyword: theses
keyword: virus
issued: 2026-05-08T03:13:49.064212
modified: 2026-05-08T03:13:49.064217
language: fr
contact point: Organization
  fn: CCSD

test_moissonnage_selune
type: Agent

Viral diversity, evolution and ecology : from communities to genotypes. Bioinformatic analysis of viral metagenomes
type: Distribution
format: HTML
access URL: https://theses.hal.science/tel-00908344
issued: 2026-05-08T03:13:49.066682
modified: 2026-05-08T03:13:49.050224