Employability of graduates of higher education : the case of policy support for entrepreneurship
The number of students entering higher education is growing year by year and it increases the number of graduates of higher education system. However, the pace of integration of these graduates is so shy. So the unemployment rate of graduates is growing year by year. According to national surveys, in 2004, the unemployment rate for graduates was about 19% and exceeds the national level that was 9%. In 2010, the rate rose to 25%. Thus, in the absence of attention to this target group its insertion becomes increasingly worrying. Therefore, we asked ourselves this question: what strategies should be put in place to promote the integration of graduates? We analyze the conventional circuits insertion such as the public and the private sector in Mali. According to statistics, these two circuits are rigidities in the hiring of thousands of graduates of higher education. Thus, we turned to entrepreneurship by saying it could be a vehicle for creating jobs for them and that would be supported by aid policy for entrepreneurship enrolled in a program called "Youth Employment Program". For this, we selected two assumptions: (1): Entrepreneurship is a factor in creating employment opportunities for graduates of higher education, (2): aid policy entrepreneurship can encourage this process. After a descriptive analysis of the functioning of the labor market in Mali and after studying several theories and research work related to human capital and the role of skills in the field of entrepreneurship or economic development, we managed the following results based on our assumptions: 1- Yes, entrepreneurship is a factor in creating employment for graduates. 2 - No, policy support for entrepreneurship does not promote this process.