In this Ph.D. thesis, we study the Szegö equation on the real lineas well as its perturbations.It was recently introduced by Gérard and Grellier as a toy model of a non-lineartotally non dispersive equation. The Szegö equation appears naturally in the study of thenon-linear Schrödinger equation (NLS) in super-critical situations where dispersion lacks,for example, when one considers NLS on the Heisenberg group. Consequently, one of themotivations of this Ph.D. thesis is fi nding new results for the Szegö equation in hope thatthey could be eventually used in the context of the non-linear Schrödinger equation.Our first result is a classification of the solitons of the Szegö equation. We show thatthey are all rational functions with one simple pole. In addition, we prove the orbitalstability of solitons.The Szegö equation has the remarkable property of being completely integrable. Thisallows us to find an explicit formula for solutions. We obtain three applications of thisformula. (A) We prove soliton resolution for solutions which are generic rational functions.(B) We construct an example of non-generic solution whose high Sobolev norms grow toinfinity over time. (C) We find generalized action-angle variables when restricting the Szegöequation to a finite dimensional sub-manifold. In particular, this yields that most of thetrajectories of the Szegö equation are spirals around toroidal cylinders.Since the Szegö equation is completely integrable, it is natural to study its perturbationsand deduce new properties of such perturbations from the known results for the Szegöequation. One perturbation of the Szegö equation is a non-linear wave equation(NLW) with small initial data.We prove that the Szegö equation is the first order approximation of NLW. More precisely,if an initial condition of NLW is small and supported only on non-negative frequencies, thenthe corresponding solution can be approximated by the solution of the Szegö equation, fora long time. We then construct a solution of NLW whose high Sobolev norms grow.On the torus T, Gérard and Grellier proved an analogous first order approximationresult for NLW. By considerning the second order approximation, we obtain an improvedresult with a smaller error.Lastly, we consider the Szegö equation perturbed by a small multiplicative potential.We study the interaction of this potential with solitons. More precisely, we show that, if theinitial condition is that of a soliton for the unperturbed Szegö equation, then the solutionpreserves the shape of a soliton for a long time. In addition, we prescribe the effectivedynamics, i.e. we derive the differential equations satisfied by the parameters of the soliton.
Study of a nonlinear, non-dispersive, completely integrable equation and its perturbations