Under national and international regulations, the establishment of cetacean population monitoring strategies became a priority. Monitoring main expected characteristics are the ecological significance, the statistical credibility and the cost-effectiveness. The use of indicators reduces monitoring cost, and constitutes communication tool between scientists and policy-makers. Indicators are measurable and verifiable data, which inform on more than themselves. The collect of stranding data is cost-efficient, but the lack of sampling strategy remains a hindrance to their use in context of monitoring strategy. The aim of this study is to develop cetacean population indicators based on stranding data.Four indicators were developed during this work. The proportion of stranded cetaceans compared to dead cetaceans at sea was estimated. Stranding long term time series were freed from drift conditions by the construction of the null hypothesis (that is a hypothesis of spatial and temporal uniformity of dead cetaceans). It constituted the stranding anomaly. The cetacean mortality cartography estimated the number of dead cetaceans at sea, independently of the stranding probability. Finally, cetacean mortality anomaly was calculated as the difference between mortality areas of stranded cetaceans and theoretical distribution of dead cetaceans predicted to strand under the null hypothesis. This anomaly identified high mortality or high relative abundance areas. These indicators could be integrated to many national and international management strategies.
Cetaceans and environmental changes : Development and test of conservation status indicators to establish monitoring strategies