La difficile construction de la gouvernance internationale de la lutte contre les changements climatiques : à quoi servent les Conférences et les Meetings des Parties (COP-MOP) ?
The international governance for climate change mitigation has gradually and painfully developed during international negotiations conducted annually in the framework of Conferences of Parties (COP). Since 1995, theses COP gather countries that have ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Adopted in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol is the most important instrument elaborated in these arenas. It organizes the participation of States in the struggle against climate change in a global perspective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This protocol is the framework of negotiations that take place every year since 2005, named Meetings of Parties (MOP). Difficulties in the application of the Kyoto Protocol, and outstanding issues concerning the post-2012 period, show the weakness of the construction of an international governance to mitigate climate change. COP and MOP are organized each year more and more on the principle of geographical rotation. According to this principle, the organization and the chairing of these "planetary summits" are successively assigned to countries belonging to different continents. Despite the multiplicity and regular intervals of COP and MOP, they give the impression of being ineffective and unable to lead to measures whose implementation by States would successfully tackle and solve the climate change issue.