A century after Camille Vieillard's work on Urology and Urologists in the Ancient Medicine, this book redraws the birth and the diffusion of a mode of reading of the body promised to a beautiful future, the uroscopic consultation ; besides, this semiological approach played a very important and increasing part in the symbolic representation of the doctor, as in the relations between practitioner and patient during the Middle Ages . As a matter of fact, the steretotype of the doctor examining the contents of a flask can not conceal the strenghts of evolution at work during all the period, from the point of view of the intellectual history as well as social history. Medical treatises, professional statutes, judicial records, literary works and of course various images are thus questioned and crossed to bring to light the various sides and implications of the uroscopy, which went out only with the birth of the chemistry, at the end of the XVIIIth century.