Nuées ardentes of 22 November 1994 at Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia.
type: Dataset
description: Nuées ardentes associated with dome collapse on 22 November 1994, at Merapi volcano traveled to the south-southwest as far as 6.5 km, and collectively accumulated roughly 2.5-3 million cubic meters of deposits. The damaged area comprises 9.5 km2 and is covered by two nuée ardente facies, a conventional "Merapi-type", valley-fill block-and-ash flow facies and a pyroclastic surge facies. The proximal deposits reflect the accumulation of dozens of nuées ardentes, with many subsidiary flow units. The distal deposits are more simply organized, as only a few individual events reached to distances >3.5 km. The stratigraphic relationships north of Turgo hill indicate that the surge deposits are a facies of particularly mobile nuées ardentes that also deposited channeled block-and-ash flow facies. They further suggest that the surge facies beyond the channel margins correlate laterally with a finer-grained sublayer locally developed at the base of the block-and-ash flow facies. Eyewitness reports suggest that the emplacement of the block-and-ash flow facies in the distal part of the Boyong river may have followed, by a short time interval, the destruction and deposition of the surge facies at Turgo village. The stratigraphy is in accord with the eyewitness reports. The surge facies was emplaced by a dilute surge current, detached from the same dome-collapse nuée ardente that, as a separate flow unit, subsequently emplaced the distal block-and-ash deposit in the Boyong valley. The detachment occurred at higher elevations, likely at or above the slope break at about 2000 m elevation. This flow separation enabled the surge current to shortcut over the landscape and to emplace its deposit even as the block-and-ash flow continued its tortuous southward movement in the Boyong channel. Dome-collapse nuée ardente activity formed the bulk of the eruption, which was accompanied by virtually no significant vertical summit explosive activity.
issued: 2026-05-08T00:40:54.528860
language: en
modified: 2026-05-08T00:40:54.528865
contact point: Organization
  fn: CCSD
keyword: block-and-ash-flow
keyword: infoeu-reposemanticsarticle
keyword: journal-articles
keyword: lava-dome
keyword: merapi-volcano
keyword: nuees-ardentes
keyword: pyroclastic-range
keyword: sdemcgenvironmental-sciencesglobal-changes
keyword: sdustuvosciences-of-the-universe-physicsearth-sciencesvolcanology
landing page: 0377-0273

Nuées ardentes of 22 November 1994 at Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia.
type: Distribution
format: HTML
issued: 2026-05-08T00:40:54.538573
modified: 2026-05-08T00:40:54.517757
access URL: https://insu.hal.science/hal-00091175

test_moissonnage_selune
type: Agent